比較過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

1)過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作;現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過(guò)去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。

2)過(guò)去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):

yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet,　till / until, up to now, in past years, always,

3)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.

過(guò)去時(shí)常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。

舉例：

I saw this film yesterday.(強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)了。)

I have seen this film. (強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。)

句子中如有過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞(如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960)時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過(guò)去時(shí)。

(錯(cuò))Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.

(對(duì))Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.

句子中如有過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞(如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960)時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過(guò)去時(shí)。

(錯(cuò))Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.

(對(duì))Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.

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