一、 主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)的概念

1)He opened the door. 他開了門。

以上例句是一個(gè)主動(dòng)句，主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者/發(fā)出者

2)The door was opened by him. 門被開了。

第二個(gè)例句是一個(gè)被動(dòng)句，主語是動(dòng)作的承受者

漢語中表示被動(dòng)的詞：被…/ 由…/ 受…/ 給…

英語中表被動(dòng)用：be+過去分詞構(gòu)成

二、 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)及用法

1)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種句型

肯定句：主語+be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+(by)

eg: My phone was made in China.

否定句：主語+be not+過去分詞+(by)

eg: My phone wasn’t made in China.

一般疑問句：Be+主語+過去分詞+(by)?

eg: Was your phone made in China?

特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+be+主語+過去分詞+(by)?

eg: Where was your phone made?

2)不同時(shí)態(tài)中的被動(dòng)語態(tài)

3) 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法

當(dāng)不知道或沒有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，這時(shí)往往不用by短語。The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday.

昨天，教室的前窗被打破了。(不知誰打破的)

They have been poorly paid.

他們的工資太低。(沒必要指出工資是誰付的)

突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，如果需要說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，用by短語。

These books are written especially for children.

這些書是專門為孩子們寫的。(強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“這些書”)

三、主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)

1)一般情況下主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)

主動(dòng)句：He closed the door.

變被動(dòng)句：The door was closed by him.

口訣：賓變主，主變賓，謂變be done, 時(shí)不變，數(shù)格必須隨被變。

2)主動(dòng)語態(tài)中若有雙賓語

Vivian gave me a book. 雙賓語(me是間賓， book是直賓)

-I was givena book by Vivian. 間接賓語提前

-A book was given tome by Vivian.直接賓語提前時(shí)，要在間接賓語前加介詞

動(dòng)詞make/buy/get用for; 動(dòng)詞give/send/lend/take用to

3) “感使動(dòng)詞”(feel, hear, listen to, let, have, make, see, watch, notice, look at)真奇怪，主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)“to”走開，被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)又請(qǐng)來，十個(gè)動(dòng)詞要記牢，不會(huì)被它再難倒。

We saw him play football on the playground.

我們看見他在操場(chǎng)上打籃球。

變被動(dòng)：He was seen to play football on the playground.

他被我們看到在操場(chǎng)上打籃球。

四、主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義

1) 系動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，如feel, sound, taste, look, become, fall, get, grow, keep, remain, seem, smell, stay, turn等等

Your idea sounds good. 你的注意聽起來蠻好的。

You look beautiful. 你看起來美美的。

2) 在need, require, want, be worth , deserve等詞的后面，動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義

The TVneeds repairing. 電視需要修理。

= The TVneeds to be repaired.

3) 一般說來，不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞短語不能使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，常見的有：appear, die, disappear, end(vi. 結(jié)束), fail, happen, last, lie, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place，occur等。

A car accidenthappenedin the street.

一場(chǎng)車禍發(fā)生在街上。

Great changeshave taken placein my hometown.

我的故鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨變。

4) 在某些形容詞后面，當(dāng)不定式表達(dá)的情況與它前面的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，用主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)意義。

She has an important meetingto attend.

她有一個(gè)重要的會(huì)議要參加。

五、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)總結(jié)(常考點(diǎn))

1)在時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

If lamgiven enough time, I will do it better.

給我足夠的時(shí)間，我會(huì)做得更好。

2)固定結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞或副詞在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不可省去。

Such a bad habitshould be got rid of.

這樣的壞習(xí)慣應(yīng)該改掉。(of 不可以省去的)

3)有些動(dòng)詞如write, read, sell，wash, open等當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作執(zhí)行情況時(shí), 有被動(dòng)語態(tài); 當(dāng)用作不及物動(dòng)詞來說明主語本身所具有的特征時(shí),無被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

The computerswere sold out, because theysell well.

電腦被賣光了，因?yàn)樗鼈冑u得好。

The clothwashes easily.

這布很好洗。

4)在“too…to…”結(jié)構(gòu)和形容詞 enough to do結(jié)構(gòu)中,通常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。

The problem is too difficult to work out.

5)常見的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句型搭配

據(jù)說..... It is said that ...

據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo).. It is reported that ...

據(jù)推測(cè)..... It is supposed that ...

希望.... It is hoped that ...

眾所周知..... It is well known that ...

普遍認(rèn)為..... It is generally considered that ...

有人建議..... It is suggested that

【專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練】合計(jì)25題

1. A red sky in the morning _______ to be a sign of bad weather.

A. says B. is saying C. is said D. is being said

2. The book _______ for anyone who wants to learn more about the Internet.

A. is intended B. has intended C. is intending D. will intend

3. Blood is the medium in which oxygen _______ to all parts of the body.

A. is carried B. has carried C. is carrying D. will carry

4. If the package _______ well, we assume the contents are also wonderful.

A. is wrapped B. has wrapped C. is wrapping D. will wrap

5. Both hydrogen and oxygen are elements, but water, which _______ when they combine, is not.

A. is formed B. has formed C. is forming D. will form

6. The swimmer hung on to the rope and _______ to safety.

A. is pulled B. has pulled C. was pulled D. was pulling

7. Einstein _______ the Nobel Prize for his contribution to Quantum Theory.

A. is awarded B. has awarded C. was awarded D. was awarding

8. They ought to have arrived at lunchtime but the flight _______.

A. is delayed B. has delayed C. was delayed D. was delaying

9. The crunch came when she _______ to choose between her marriage and her career.

A. is forced B. has forced C. was forced D. was forcing

10. I _______ to wait four hours before I was examined by a doctor.

A. made B. has made C. was made D. was making

11. Anyone seen carrying boxes, bags, or whatever, _______ by the police.

A. stopped B. has stopped C. was stopped D. was stopping

12. I can’t turn a blind eye when someone _______.

A. has robbed B. was robbed C. was robbing D. is being robbed

13. The dealer will provide you with a courtesy car while your vehicle_______.

A. has repaired B. was repaired C. is being repaired D. was been repaired

14. The Olympic torch is carried by runners to the place where the games _______.

A. has held B. was held C. are being held D. were been held

15. He apologized to the people who _______.

A. affected B. has affected C. have been affected D. had been affected

16. No decision ______ until next year, so you’ll just have to wait and see.

A. have made B. are made C. will make D. will be made

17. Candidates who are successful in the written test ______ for an interview.

A. have invited B. have been invited C. will invite D. will be invited

18. There is every chance that more jobs ______ later this year.

A. will lose B. will be lost C. have lost D. have been lost

19. There’s still a ray of hope that the missing child ______ alive.

A. was found B. have found C. will find D. will be found

20. Full details of the election results ______ in a special edition of tomorrow’s newspaper.

A. will publish B. will be published C. have published D. have been published

21. No-one knows how many people ______ since the war began.

A. have killed B. have been killed C. killed D. were killed

22. She has written two novels, both of which ______ into television series.

A. have made B. have been made C. had made D. had been made

23. Due to the recent high cost of borrowing, many companies ______ to close.

A. had forced B. had been forced C. have forced D. have been forced

24. Once the goods ______ for they will be delivered at your convenience.

A. have paid B. have been paid C. will pay D. will been paid

25. At least fifty four people ______ and a further fifty are missing.

A. have killed B. have been killed C. will kill D. will be killed

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